Increased Myocardial Energy Expenditure in Cardiac Syndrome X: More Work More Pain

Abnormal cardiac pain perception in syndrome X.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether a diminished cardiac pain threshold contributes to chest pain in patients with syndrome X. BACKGROUND There have been some reports of an altered pain perception in syndrome X. METHODS Intracardiac catheter manipulation was performed in four groups of patients (syndrome X [group 1, 36 patients]; mitral valve disease and normal cor...

Metoprolol improves endothelial function in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Endothelial dysfunction which is manifested by the loss of nitric oxide bioavailability, is an increasingly recognized cause of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) and beta blockers are used for the treatment of this syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of metoprolol, as a beta blocker, on endothelial function in CSX patients. The study included 25 CSX patients (20 female/ 5 ma...

Metoprolol improves endothelial function in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Endothelial dysfunction which is manifested by the loss of nitric oxide bioavailability, is an increasingly recognized cause of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) and beta blockers are used for the treatment of this syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of metoprolol, as a beta blocker, on endothelial function in CSX patients. The study included 25 CSX patients (20 female/ 5 ma...

MORE GRAPHS WHOSE ENERGY EXCEEDS THE NUMBER OF VERTICES

The energy E(G) of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of G. Several classes of graphs are known that satisfy the condition E(G) > n , where n is the number of vertices. We now show that the same property holds for (i) biregular graphs of degree a b , with q quadrangles, if q<= abn/4 and 5<=a < b = 0 (iii) triregular graphs of degree 1, a, b that are quadran...

Increased energy expenditure in Parkinson's disease.